Archivi:Rainbow formation.png
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DescrizzionRainbow formation.png |
English: Diagram showing how primary and secondary rainbows are formed due to the light propagation in spherical droplets. Details follow soon!
Legend:
Español: Diagrama que muestra como se forman los arco iris primarios y secundarios debido a la descomposición de luz blanca en gotitas esféricas:
Leyenda:
Português: Diagrama que mostra como se formam os arco-íris primários e secundários em função da decomposição de luz branca em gotículas esféricas:
Legenda:
Català: Diagrama que mostra com es formen els arcs de Sant Martí primaris i secundaris a causa de la descomposició de la llum blanca en gotes esfèriques:
Llegenda:
Tiếng Việt: Sơ đồ cho thấy cách cầu vồng sơ cấp và thứ cấp được hình thành do sự truyền ánh sáng trong các giọt hình cầu. Thông tin chi tiết theo dõi ngay sau đây:
Huyền thoại:
|
Sorgent | See below / Mirar abajo / Ver abaixo |
Autor | Peo |
A l'è permess de copià, spantega e/o portagh di cambiament a quell document chì conforma ai termin de la GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 o i so version vegnud adrée missa foeura de la Free Software Foundation; con tucce i sezzion che poden vesser soggette a di cambiament, senza de test de covertina e senza de test de retrocovertina . Una copia de la licenza è dent in la sezion che 'l so titol a l'èTest de la GNU Free Documentation License.http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.htmlGFDLGNU Free Documentation Licensetruetrue |
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| ||
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POV-Ray "code" for the diagrams showing light propagation inside the droplets:
/*
=================================================
Light propagation in a spherical droplet, forming
primary and secondary rainbows
-------------------------------------------------
Created by Søren Peo Pedersen - see my user page
at http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruger:Peo
=================================================
*/
#declare PrimaryRays=yes;
// Use "no" for light propagation in secondary rainbow,
// or "yes" for light propagation in primary rainbow.
#if (PrimaryRays)
// Rendition of light propagation for primary rainbow's light propagation:
#local pgmSpectrum1=pigment { // Pigment for first spectrum "fan-out"
radial
color_map {
[0.0000 color rgbt <.5,0,1,1>]
[0.1429 color rgbt <.5,0,1,.5>]
[0.2857 color rgbt < 0,0,1,.5>]
[0.4286 color rgbt < 0,1,1,.5>]
[0.5714 color rgbt < 0,1,0,.5>]
[0.7143 color rgbt < 1,1,0,.5>]
[0.8571 color rgbt < 1,0,0,.5>]
[1.0000 color rgbt < 1,0,0,1>]
}
frequency 200
rotate <90,0,-13.1>
translate <-3.806586,1.70909106,0>
scale 1/1.67
}
#local pgmSpectrum2=pigment { // Pigment for second spectrum "fan-out"
radial
color_map {
[0.0000 color rgbt <1,1,1,1>]
[0.5000 color rgbt <1,1,1,0>]
[1.0000 color rgbt <1,1,1,1>]
}
frequency 200
rotate <90,0,-13.1>
translate <-3.806586,1.70909106,0>
scale 1/1.67
}
union {
difference { // Incoming white light beam
box {<-100,.67,-.0001>,<0,.83,.0001>}
sphere {0,1}
pigment {
gradient y
color_map {
[0.0 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
[0.2 color rgbt<1,1,1,.9>]
[0.3 color rgbt<1,1,1,.5>]
[0.5 color rgbt<1,1,1,0>]
[0.7 color rgbt<1,1,1,.5>]
[0.8 color rgbt<1,1,1,1,.9>]
[1.0 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
}
scale .16
translate <0,.67,0>
}
finish {
ambient 1
diffuse 0
}
no_shadow
no_reflection
rotate <0,0,-20.825>
}
difference { // First "rainbow-colored" beam inside droplet
cylinder {<0,0,-.0001>,<0,0,.0001>,1} // Disc w. same diameter as droplet
plane {<0,1,0>,0 rotate <0,0,-14.9> translate <-0.7141428,.7,0>} // Cut-off
plane {<0,-1,0>,0 rotate <0,0,-13.1> translate <-0.6,.8,0>} // boundaries
pigment {
gradient x
pigment_map {
[0 pgmSpectrum2]
[1 pgmSpectrum1]
}
scale 1.67
translate <-.7,0,0>
}
finish {
ambient 1
diffuse 0
}
rotate <0,0,-20.825>
no_shadow
no_reflection
}
merge { // Second "rainbow-colord" beam inside droplet - "crossing over" itself
difference { // The portion to the left of the "cross-over" point
cylinder {<0,0,.0003>,<0,0,.0002>,1} // Droplet-sized disc
plane {<0,-1,0>,0 rotate <0,0,45> translate <1,.12,0>} // Cut-off
plane {<0,1,0>,0 rotate <0,0,25> translate <1,-.09,0>} // boundaries
}
difference { // The portion to the right of the "cross-over" point
cylinder {<0,0,.0003>,<0,0,.0002>,1} // Droplet-sized disc
plane {<0,1,0>,0 rotate <0,0,45> translate <1,.12,0>} // Cut-off
plane {<0,-1,0>,0 rotate <0,0,25> translate <1,-.09,0>} // boundaries
}
pigment {
radial
color_map {
[0.0000 color rgbt <.5,0,1,1>]
[0.1429 color rgbt <.5,0,1,.5>]
[0.2857 color rgbt < 0,0,1,.5>]
[0.4286 color rgbt < 0,1,1,.5>]
[0.5714 color rgbt < 0,1,0,.5>]
[0.7143 color rgbt < 1,1,0,.5>]
[0.8571 color rgbt < 1,0,0,.5>]
[1.0000 color rgbt < 1,0,0,1>]
}
frequency 18
rotate <90,0,-35>
translate <.606514871,-.273485129,0>
}
finish {
ambient 1
diffuse 0
}
no_shadow
no_reflection
}
difference { // The "rainbow-colored light" leaving the droplet at lower left corner:
box {<-100,0,-.0001>,<0,10,.0001> rotate <0,0,32.825> translate <-.113,-.994,0>}
plane {<0,-1,0>,0 rotate <0,0,8.825> translate <-.565,-.805,0>}
cylinder {<0,0,-1>,<0,0,1>,1} // Cut away part that would fall inside droplet
pigment {
radial
color_map {
[0.0000 color rgbt < 1,0,0,1>]
[0.1429 color rgbt < 1,0,0,0>]
[0.2857 color rgbt < 1,1,0,0>]
[0.4286 color rgbt < 0,1,0,0>]
[0.5714 color rgbt < 0,1,1,0>]
[0.7143 color rgbt < 0,0,1,0>]
[0.8571 color rgbt <.5,0,1,0>]
[1.0000 color rgbt <.5,0,1,1>]
}
frequency 15
rotate <-90,0,20.825>
translate <0.416125,-.65268,0>
}
finish {ambient 1 diffuse 0}
no_shadow
no_reflection
}
}
#else
// Rendition of light propagation for secondary rainbow's light propagation:
#local pgmSpectrum1=pigment { // Pigment for "rainbow-colored" part of first beam inside droplet
radial
color_map {
[0.0000 color rgbt < 1,0,0,1>]
[0.1429 color rgbt < 1,0,0,.5>]
[0.2857 color rgbt < 1,1,0,.5>]
[0.4286 color rgbt < 0,1,0,.5>]
[0.5714 color rgbt < 0,1,1,.5>]
[0.7143 color rgbt < 0,0,1,.5>]
[0.8571 color rgbt <.5,0,1,.5>]
[1.0000 color rgbt <.5,0,1,1>]
}
frequency 200
rotate <90,0,-.9>
translate <-3.7364,-0.69606,0>
scale 1/1.7
}
#local pgmSpectrum2=pigment { // Pigment for white part of first "rainbow-colored" beam inside droplet
radial
color_map {
[0.0000 color rgbt <1,1,1,1>]
[0.5000 color rgbt <1,1,1,0>]
[1.0000 color rgbt <1,1,1,1>]
}
frequency 200
rotate <90,0,-.9>
translate <-3.8364,-0.69606,0>
scale 1/1.7
}
union {
difference { // White-to "rainbow-colored" beam inside droplet
cylinder {<0,0,-.0001>,<0,0,.0001>,1}
plane {<0, 1,0>,0 rotate <0,0,-.9> translate <-.657,-.757,0>}
plane {<0,-1,0>,0 rotate <0,0, .9> translate <-.777,-.637,0>}
pigment {
gradient x
pigment_map {
[0 pgmSpectrum2]
[1 pgmSpectrum1]
}
scale 1.7
translate <-.8,0,0>
}
finish {ambient 1 diffuse 0}
no_shadow
no_reflection
}
merge {
difference { // Lower part of self-crossing beam at right-ahdn side inside droplet
cylinder {<0,0,.0002>,<0,0,.0003>,1}
plane {< 1,0,0>,0 rotate <0,0,-6 > translate <.622,-.692,0>}
plane {<-1,0,0>,0 rotate <0,0, 6 > translate <.787,-.727,0>}
}
difference { // Upper part of self-crossing beam at right-ahdn side inside droplet
cylinder {<0,0,.0002>,<0,0,.0003>,1}
plane {<-1,0,0>,0 rotate <0,0,-6 > translate <.622,-.692,0>}
plane {< 1,0,0>,0 rotate <0,0, 6 > translate <.787,-.727,0>}
}
pigment {
radial
color_map {
[0.0000 color rgbt < 1,0,0,1>]
[0.1429 color rgbt < 1,0,0,.5>]
[0.2857 color rgbt < 1,1,0,.5>]
[0.4286 color rgbt < 0,1,0,.5>]
[0.5714 color rgbt < 0,1,1,.5>]
[0.7143 color rgbt < 0,0,1,.5>]
[0.8571 color rgbt <.5,0,1,.5>]
[1.0000 color rgbt <.5,0,1,1>]
}
frequency 30
rotate <90,0,84>
translate <.702661,0.075435,0>
}
finish {ambient 1 diffuse 0}
no_shadow
no_reflection
}
merge { // Right-hand part of self-crossing beam at top of droplet
difference {
cylinder {<0,0,.0004>,<0,0,.0005>,1}
plane {<0,-1,0>,0 rotate <0,0, 6 > translate <.637,.777,0>}
plane {<0, 1,0>,0 rotate <0,0,-6 > translate <.772,.642,0>}
}
difference { // Left-hand part of self-crossing beam at top of droplet
cylinder {<0,0,.0004>,<0,0,.0005>,1}
plane {<0, 1,0>,0 rotate <0,0, 6 > translate <.637,.777,0>}
plane {<0,-1,0>,0 rotate <0,0,-6 > translate <.772,.642,0>}
}
pigment {
radial
color_map {
[0.0000 color rgbt < 1,0,0,1>]
[0.1429 color rgbt < 1,0,0,.5>]
[0.2857 color rgbt < 1,1,0,.5>]
[0.4286 color rgbt < 0,1,0,.5>]
[0.5714 color rgbt < 0,1,1,.5>]
[0.7143 color rgbt < 0,0,1,.5>]
[0.8571 color rgbt <.5,0,1,.5>]
[1.0000 color rgbt <.5,0,1,1>]
}
frequency 30
rotate <90,0,-6>
translate <.06228,0.716595,0>
}
finish {ambient 1 diffuse 0}
}
no_shadow
no_reflection
rotate <0,0,5>
}
difference { // "Rainbow-colored" beam leaving the droplet
box {<-10,0,.0002>,<.3,10,.0003> rotate <0,0,38.325> translate <-.827,.557,0>}
plane {<0,-1,0>,0 rotate <0,0,14.325> translate <-.697,.717,0>}
cylinder {<0,0,-1>,<0,0,1>,1}
pigment {
radial
color_map {
[0.0000 color rgbt < 1,0,0,1>]
[0.1429 color rgbt < 1,0,0,0>]
[0.2857 color rgbt < 1,1,0,0>]
[0.4286 color rgbt < 0,1,0,0>]
[0.5714 color rgbt < 0,1,1,0>]
[0.7143 color rgbt < 0,0,1,0>]
[0.8571 color rgbt <.5,0,1,0>]
[1.0000 color rgbt <.5,0,1,1>]
}
frequency 15
rotate <90,0,-21.3>
translate <-0.59003,0.744316,0>
}
finish {ambient 1 diffuse 0}
no_shadow
no_reflection
}
difference { // Incoming white light beam
box {<-100,-1,-.0001>,<0,-.87,.0001>}
sphere {0,1}
pigment {
gradient y
color_map {
[0.0 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
[0.2 color rgbt<1,1,1,.9>]
[0.3 color rgbt<1,1,1,.5>]
[0.5 color rgbt<1,1,1,0>]
[0.7 color rgbt<1,1,1,.5>]
[0.8 color rgbt<1,1,1,1,.9>]
[1.0 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
}
scale .13
translate <0,-1,0>
}
finish {
ambient 1
diffuse 0
}
no_shadow
no_reflection
rotate <0,0,-20.825>
}
#end
difference { // Droplet - actually a hemisphere for appearance reasons
sphere {0,1}
plane {<0,0,1>,.001}
pigment {color rgbt<.7,.8,1,.7>}
finish {
phong 1
phong_size 80
reflection .6
metallic
}
}
camera { // Viewpoint
up <0,1,0> right <1,0,0> // Assume square-shaped image format
location <-.2,0,-2.5>
look_at <-.2,0,0>
}
light_source { // Light
<-10,0,-10>
color rgb 1.5
rotate <0,0,-20.825>
}
----
POV-Ray "code" for the landscape with rainbows, observer and "droplet cloud":
/*
=================================================
"Landscape" showing the formation of two rainbows
-------------------------------------------------
Created by Søren Peo Pedersen - see my user page
at http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruger:Peo
=================================================
*/
plane { // Flat terrain in the foreground
<0,1,0>,0
pigment {color rgb <.65,.7,.6>}
finish {ambient .4}
}
plane {<0,0,-1>,0 // Invisible surface carrying the grey "cloud"
pigment {
cylindrical
color_map {
[0.0 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
[0.5 color rgbt<.7,.7,.7,0>]
[1.0 color rgbt<.5,.5,.5,0>]
}
rotate <90,0,0>
scale 7
translate <8,8,0>
turbulence .3
}
finish {ambient 1 diffuse 0}
}
sky_sphere { // Provides a sky with light blue color gradient
pigment {
gradient y
color_map {
[0 color rgb <.1,.3,.2>]
[.5 color rgb <.65,.7,.6>]
[.5 color rgb <.8,.9,1>]
[1 color rgb <.2,.5,1>]
}
translate -.5
scale 2
turbulence .1
}
}
union { // The observer in the lower, left-hand corner
sphere {0,1 scale <.2,.8,.2> pigment {color rgb <0,0,1>} finish {ambient .5}}
sphere {<0,1,0>,.2 pigment {color rgb <1,.7,.4>} finish {ambient .5}}
translate <-6.5,0,-4>
}
#macro ColorFunction(Plads) // Creates a color from the spectrum (from 0=red to 1=purple)
#local U=4.9999*(Plads-int(Plads*4.9999)/4.9999);
#switch (Plads)
#range (0.0,0.2) color rgb < 1 , U , 0 > #break
#range (0.2,0.4) color rgb <1-U, 1 , 0 > #break
#range (0.4,0.6) color rgb < 0 , 1 , U > #break
#range (0.6,0.8) color rgb < 0 ,1-U, 1 > #break
#range (0.8,1.0) color rgb < U , 0 , 1 > #break
#end
#end
#macro Beam(Num,Primay) // Renders a white incoming beam, and a colored "returned" beam
#local R=seed(145*Num);
#local Lgd=11+rand(R)*3;
#if (Primay)
#local Vinkel=42.3-20.825-1.7*Num;
#else
#local Vinkel=50.7-20.825+2.9*Num;
#end
merge {
cylinder {0,<Lgd,0,0>,.01
pigment {ColorFunction(Num)}
finish {ambient 1 diffuse 0}
rotate <0,0,Vinkel>
translate <-6.5,1,-4>
no_shadow
}
cylinder {
<-100,0,0>,0,.01
rotate <0,0,-20.825>
translate <-6.5+Lgd*cos(radians(Vinkel)),1+Lgd*sin(radians(Vinkel)),-4>}
pigment {color rgb 1}
finish {ambient 1 diffuse 0}
}
#end
// Light beams forming the primary rainbow:
#object {Beam(0.00,yes)}
#object {Beam(0.25,yes)}
#object {Beam(0.50,yes)}
#object {Beam(0.75,yes)}
#object {Beam(1.00,yes)}
// Light beams forming the secondary rainbow:
#object {Beam(0.00,no)}
#object {Beam(0.25,no)}
#object {Beam(0.50,no)}
#object {Beam(0.75,no)}
#object {Beam(1.00,no)}
// Totally transparent pigment set of primary and secondary arc
#local ArcPgmt0=pigment {
cylindrical
color_map {
[0.0 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
[0.00001 color rgbt<1,0,1,1>]
[0.022 color rgbt<0,0,1,1>]
[0.044 color rgbt<0,1,1,1>]
[0.066 color rgbt<0,1,0,1>]
[0.088 color rgbt<1,1,0,1>]
[0.11 color rgbt<1,0,0,1>]
[0.11 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
[0.39 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
[0.39 color rgbt<1,0,0,1>]
[0.40 color rgbt<1,1,0,1>]
[0.41 color rgbt<0,1,0,1>]
[0.42 color rgbt<0,1,1,1>]
[0.43 color rgbt<0,0,1,1>]
[0.44 color rgbt<1,0,1,1>]
[0.44 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
[1.0 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
}
}
// Slightly non-transparent pigment set of primary and secondary arc
#local ArcPgmt1=pigment {
cylindrical
color_map {
[0.0 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
[0.00001 color rgbt<1,0,1,.7>]
[0.022 color rgbt<0,0,1,.7>]
[0.044 color rgbt<0,1,1,.7>]
[0.066 color rgbt<0,1,0,.7>]
[0.088 color rgbt<1,1,0,.7>]
[0.11 color rgbt<1,0,0,0>]
[0.11 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
[0.39 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
[0.39 color rgbt<1,0,0,.2>]
[0.40 color rgbt<1,1,0,.2>]
[0.41 color rgbt<0,1,0,.2>]
[0.42 color rgbt<0,1,1,.2>]
[0.43 color rgbt<0,0,1,.2>]
[0.44 color rgbt<1,0,1,.2>]
[0.44 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
[1.0 color rgbt<1,1,1,1>]
}
}
// Surface carrying the two rainbows in front of the grey "cloud"
plane {<-1,0,0>,0
pigment {
radial
pigment_map {
[0.0 ArcPgmt1]
[0.2 ArcPgmt0]
[0.8 ArcPgmt0]
[1.0 ArcPgmt1]
}
rotate <0,0,90>
scale <4.18495,4.18495,7>
translate <0,1,-4>
}
finish {ambient 1 diffuse 0}
hollow
no_shadow
}
// Viewpoint
camera {
location <-5,5,-15>
look_at <1,4,0>
}
// "Infinitely" remote light source with parallel rays:
light_source {
<-1000,0,0>
color rgb 1.5
rotate <0,0,-20.825>
parallel
}
Element rapresentad in quell fail chì
representa
stato del copyright italian
protezesto da deriti d'autor veneto
tipo de mèdia d'Internet veneto
image/png
Cronologia de l'archivi
Schiscia in su un grup data/ora per vedè l'archivi com 'a l'è che l'era in quell moment là
Data/Ora | Miniadura | Grandezza | Utent | Coment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
corent | 14:56, 9 avr 2005 | 721 × 902 (280 KByte) | Peo~commonswiki | Diagram showing how primary and secondary rainbows are formed. Details follow soon! {{GFDL-self}} |
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