Odin
Quest articol chì l'è scrivud in lombard, con la Noeuva Ortografia Lombarda |
L’Odin (anglo-sassen: Wōden, nors antigh: Óðinn, todesch antigh: Wuotan) l’è un dia propri venerad ind el paganesim sgermanegh e ind la mitologia norsa. La sò figura l’è sozziada con la saviezza, sanadura, mort, regalitaa, la forca, la cognossenza, la guerra, bataja, vitoria, la magia e i striozz, poesia, estes e l’abezzee runegh; l’è ancasì depenc coma el marid de la deja Friga.
Considerad el fondador de un frach de popoi e tribó sgermaneghe, l’Odin l’è vegnud el dia-patron di Lombard adree a l’ingann de la sazzerdotessa Gambara.[1] Desgià che el sò patronasg l’è ligad propri al nomen e al sangh de quella sgent chì, el sò favor divin el se estendariss infinanca ai Lombard del dì de incœu.
L’è particolarment sozziad con la festa del Yule – el Denedal pre-cristian – e al costum de l’arvor e del scioch de Nedal.
Figura
ModifegaCognossud con zentenere de nomen e scomagne deverse, i vegg test nors porten che l’Odin l’era fiœul del Borr e de la Bestla, e fradell de Villi e Vee, e che el gh’ha pœu havud una mota de bagaj del sò, intra i quai i pussee famos i inn soratut el Thor e el Balder.
L’è despess figurad con nomà un œugg e una barba longa longhenta, cont in man una lanza ciamada Gungnir e con duu scorbat ciamad ‘Ughin’ e ‘Munin’ (nors: Huginn e Muninn, ‘Penser e Memoria’), o strasvestid de cercot o struson cont una mantella bella longa e un capell che ghe quata tut el coo. Ind i storie, i duu scorbat ghe porten i informazzion sora quell che l’è dree a suzzeder ind la Terra de Mezz (nors: Miðgarðr) e el cavalca un cavall a vocc scianfe ciamad Sleipnir che el sgola intravers tut el cel e ancasì ind l’Oltratomba. Ind i test, l’è famos per zircà de gadegnà pussee cognossenza – per esempi quand che l’ha provad a otegnì el Vin de Mel de la Poesia – e, de sora pu, el ghe fa anca di guaje con la mojer sora i sgesta strasordenarie soe de lu.
Sozziad cont i valchirie, el dirisg el Valhalla, indova el rezzev i guerrer mort in bataja, cont el mandànn una part a la deja Freja.
Atestazzion
ModifegaI prime atestazzion di prateghe religiose di Sgerman i riven sgiò di scriccior roman compagn del Tazzet che sozzien la figura de l’Odin a quella del dia roman Mercuri per via de la sid de cognossenza oculta che i duu spartissen, ind un fenomen ciamad interpretatio romana. In quest’ocasion, Thor l’è sozziad a l’Ercol e Tyr a Mart.[2]
El nomen de l’Odin el solta anca a voltra, diretament o indiretament, ind el corpus poetegh de la literadura inglesa, indova, ind el Porta-fortuna di nœuv erve, es dis che l’haiva copad un dragh. El compariss, in particolar, ind i tratad sora l’abezzee runegh.
Ind el Origo Gentis Langobardorum, e ind l’Historia Langobardorum del Pavol Diacon, es cunta su el mit di Lombard, una tribó sgermanega che la s’è stanziada ind la Lombardia storega depos un viasg che l’è indait inanz per di segoi. Ind la lesgenda, un popel piscinin ciamad i ‘Guinnei’ – che l’era menad inanz de la maga Gambara e di sò duu s’cet, l’Iber e l’Asg – l’era in bega cont una tribó confinanta. El dì de la bataja, i Guinnei hann mandait a combater anca i done, strasvestide de homen e cont i cavii ligad sota al barbozz per fàj parì di barbe, e l’Odin, incuriosid, el j’ha segnade e l’ha pœu deit, ‘Chi eej quii longhe barbe lì?’ e inscì el gh’ha dait ai Lombard el sò nomen carataristegh.[3]
L’Odin el figura particolarment ind i Ede (l’Eda poetega e l’Eda in prœusa) e ind i saghe norse.
Ind l’archeologia
ModifegaI referenze o i figurazzion de l’Odin comparissen in su un bell numer de oget. Dei elmet inn stait trovad in de di tombe in Svezzia indova gh’è su una figura che la gh’ha una lanza e un iscud, fiancafianch de duu osii, i sò scorbat.[4]
Ind el segol qd11, la Preja de Ledberg, la gh’ha su una figura de un hom cont un pè sora la boca de una bestiazza a quater scianfe. Questa chì la pœul vesser una representazzion de l’Odin majad su del lov Fenrir adree al Ragnarœugh.[5] De dessota de la bestia e l’hom a gh’è una una figura de un hom senza gambe ind una posizzion prostraita.[5] A l’inscrizzion ind el sgioven Futhark ghe va adree una sequenza runega misteriosa[6] e una formula magega interessanta ben cognossuda in tut el mond nors.[5]
Comparazzion
ModifegaL’istudios Georges Dumézil el gh’ha segnad a l’Odin vuna di fonzion ciav ind el patheon proto-indo-europee coma representativ de la prima fonzion (la sovranitaa) che la conrespond al dia indù Varuṇa (furia e magia) in oposizzion al Tyr, che el conrespond al dia Mitra (lesg e sgiustizzia); intanta che i Vanir gh’hann la fonzion de la fertilitaa.[7][8]
Un olter aprocc a l’interpretazzion de la sò figura l’è de considerànn i fonzion e i tributazzion – un badaluch de studios le interpreten coma un dia del vent, quand che dei olter, spezzialment, coma un dia de la mort. L’è sovenz sozziad con di prateghe d’estes, e donca el ven miss a para a l’indù Rudra e al gregh Ermes.[9]
Influenza moderna
ModifegaUn monton de personasg ind l’art, literadura e musega inn stait inspirad de la figura de l’Odin. In particolar, el Gandalf de El Scior di Anei el pœul vegnì considerad coma una figura odinega.
Font
Modifega- Birley, Anthony R. (Trans.) (1999). Agricola and Germany. Oxford World's Classics. ISBN 978-0-19-283300-6
- Byock, Jesse (1990). The Saga of the Volsungs. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-27299-6.
- Brooks, James. 2023. "Oldest reference to Norse god Odin found in Danish treasure" Archiviad chi: [1] . ABC News. 8 March 2023. Accessed 8 March 2023.
- Chadwick, H. M. (1899). The Cult of Othin: An Essay in the Ancient Religion of the North. Clay & Sons. Modell:OCLC
- Cleasby, Richard and Guðbrandur Vigfússon. Rev. Craigie, William A. (1975) An Icelandic–English Dictionary. 2nd ed., repr. Oxford Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0198631033
- Cross, James E. and Thomas D. Hill (1982). The Prose Solomon and Saturn and Adrian and Ritheus. University of Toronto Press.
- Davidson, Hilda Ellis (1990). Gods and Myths of Northern Europe. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-013627-4.
- de Vries, Jan (1962). Altnordisches Etymologisches Worterbuch, 1977, Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-05436-3.
- de Vries, Jan (1970a). Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte, volume 1. 2nd ed. repr. as 3rd ed (in de). Walter de Gruyter. OCLC 466619179.
- de Vries, Jan (1970b). Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte, volume 2. 2nd ed. repr. as 3rd ed (in de). Walter de Gruyter. OCLC 466619179.
- Dronke, Ursula (Trans.) (1997). The Poetic Edda: Volume II: Mythological Poems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-811181-9
- Dunn, Marilyn (2013). Belief and Religion in Barbarian Europe, c. 350–700. Bloomsbury.
- Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). Edda. Everyman. ISBN 0-460-87616-3
- Foulke, William Dudley (Trans.) Ed. Edward Peters. (2003 [1974]). History of the Lombards. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0812210798
- (1999) The Living Goddesses. University of California. ISBN 978-0520213937.
- Griffiths, Bill (2006 [2003]). Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Magic. Anglo-Saxon Books. ISBN 1-898281-33-5
- Herbert, Kathleen (2007 [1994]). Looking for the Lost Gods of England. Anglo-Saxon Books. ISBN 1-898281-04-1
- Hirschfeld, Max (1889). Untersuchungen zur Lokasenna, Acta Germanica 1.1, Berlin: Mayer & Müller. Modell:In lang
- Koch, John T. (2020). Celto-Germanic, Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West. Aberystwyth Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies. ISBN 978-1907029325.
- Hollander, Lee Milton (1936). Old Norse Poems: The Most Important Nonskaldic Verse Not Included in the Poetic Edda. Columbia University Press
- Hollander, Lee Milton (Trans.) (1964). Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-73061-6.
- Kroonen, Guus (2013). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Brill. ISBN 978-9004183407.
- Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999). The Poetic Edda Archiviad chi: [2] . Oxford World's Classics. ISBN 0-19-283946-2
- Lindow, John (2001). Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-983969-8.
- MacLeod, Mindy & Mees, Bernard (2006). Runic Amulets and Magic Objects Archiviad chi: [3] . Boydell Press. ISBN 1-84383-205-4
- Munro, Dana Carleton (Trans.) (1895). Life of St. Columban. The Department of History of the University of Pennsylvania.
- North, Richard (1997). Heathen Gods in Old English Literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521551830
- Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-34520-5.
- Orel, Vladimir E. (2003). A Handbook of Germanic Etymology (in en). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12875-0.
- Polomé, Edgar Charles (1970). "The Indo-European Component in Germanic Religion", Myth and Law Among the Indo-Europeans: Studies in Indo-European Comparative Mythology. University of California. ISBN 978-0520015876.
- Pollington, Stephen (2008). Rudiments of Runelore. Anglo-Saxon Books. ISBN 978-1898281498
- Price, Neil (2019). The Viking Way, Magic and Mind in Late Iron Age Scandinavia, 2, Oxbow Books, Oxford and Philadelphia. ISBN 978-1842172605.
- Schach, Paul (1985). "Some Thoughts on Völuspá" as collected in Glendinning, R. J. Bessason, Heraldur (Editors). Edda: a Collection of Essays. University of Manitoba Press. ISBN 0-88755-616-7
- Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. D.S. Brewer. ISBN 0-85991-513-1
- Steuer, Heiko (2021). Germanen aus Sicht der Archäologie: Neue Thesen zu einem alten Thema. de Gruyter.
- Thorpe, Benjamin (1851). Northern Mythology, Compromising the Principal Traditions and Superstitions of Scandinavia, North Germany, and the Netherlands: Compiled from Original and Other Sources. 3 vols. Volume 2 Scandinavian Popular Traditions and Superstitions. Lumley. Modell:OCLC
- Thorpe, Benjamin (Trans.) (1866). Edda Sæmundar Hinns Frôða: The Edda of Sæmund the Learned Archiviad chi: [4] . Part I. London: Trübner & Co.
- Turville-Petre, Gabriel (1964). Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. OCLC 645398380.
- West, Martin L. (2007). Indo-European Poetry and Myth. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-928075-9.
- Williamson, Craig (2011). A Feast of Creatures: Anglo-Saxon Riddle-Songs. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0812211290
Referenze
Modifega- ↑ Peters, Edward, ed. (1974). Paul the Deacon, History of the Lombards. Translated by Foulke, William Dudley. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ISBN 0-8122-1079-4.
- ↑ Birley (1999:42, 106–07).
- ↑ Foulke (2003 [1974]:316–17).
- ↑ Simek (2007:164) and Lindow (2005:187).
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Jansson (1987:152)
- ↑ MacLeod, Mees (2006:145).
- ↑ Turville-Petre, 1964, p. 103
- ↑ Polomé, 1970, p. 58–59
- ↑ de Vries, 1970b, p. 94–97
Ligamen de denter
ModifegaLigamen de fœura
Modifega- Wikiquote el gh'ha dent citazzion de o su Odin
- Wikimedia Commons el gh'ha dent imagin o alter archivi su Odin
- MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository) Inlustrazzion de l’Odin de un manoscricc.